Carmen

Georges Bizet (1838–1875) (1875) • Opéra-Comique, Paris (3 March 1875)

At midday outside the Seville tobacco factory, young men gather to watch the cigarette girls emerge, clamoring for Carmen. Eyes fixed on Corporal Don José—the only man ignoring her while he repairs his rifle chain—Carmen sings her manifesto of untamable love ('L'amour est un oiseau rebelle') and flings a red cassia flower right between his eyes. Arrested moments later for slashing another worker in a knife fight, Carmen is left in Don José's custody; she seduces him with the Seguidilla ('Près des remparts de Séville') until he loosens her ropes and lets her escape. Two months later at Lillas Pastia's tavern, the famous bullfighter Escamillo arrives to a torchlit ovation and sings of the thrill of the bullring and the dark eyes awaiting his victory ('Votre toast... Toréador, en garde!'). After the crowd leaves, Don José arrives—just released from a month in military prison for letting Carmen escape. When Carmen mocks him for wanting to return to his barracks at the sound of the bugle retreat, Don José pulls out the dried cassia flower she threw at him in Act I and pours out his soul ('La fleur que tu m'avais jetée'). In the smugglers' mountain camp (Act III), Carmen has grown weary of Don José's suffocating jealousy; reading the tarot cards with her friends Frasquita and Mercédès, she turns up Diamonds and Spades—Death ('La mort! Moi d'abord, ensuite lui'). In Act IV, Carmen arrives at the Seville bullring on Escamillo's arm, dressed like a queen. Warned that Don José is lurking in the crowd with a knife, she stays outside to confront him alone ('C'est toi! — C'est moi!'). Declaring 'Carmen will never yield! Free she was born and free she will die!', she pulls Don José's ring from her finger and hurls it at his feet; he stabs her to death just as the crowd inside cheers Escamillo's victory.

📜 Libretto Edition, Source Links & Other Versions
Libretto Edition Used on This Page
1875 Paris Opéra-Comique Premiere Edition (Henri Meilhac & Ludovic Halévy, after Prosper Mérimée)
Primary Sources & Archives
Note on Other Librettos for This Opera

Edition Note: Two historical versions exist in the public domain: 1) Bizet's original 1875 Opéra-Comique version with spoken French dialogue between musical numbers, and 2) Ernest Guiraud's (1837–1892) 1875 Vienna version, which replaced the spoken dialogue with sung recitatives after Bizet's sudden death at age 36 on June 3, 1875 (the night of the 33rd performance!). All famous sung numbers below are identical in both versions.

🎭 Cast of Characters
Carmen
A fiercely independent Romani (Gypsy) cigarette-factory worker and smuggler in Seville; she prizes personal freedom above love, law, and life itself.
Don José
A corporal of the Dragoons of Alcalá from Navarre; a dutiful soldier whose obsessive love for Carmen turns him into a deserter, smuggler, and murderer.
Escamillo
The celebrated bullfighter (torero) of Granada; bold, glamorous, and fearless, he wins Carmen's heart when she tires of Don José's jealousy.
Chorus
Soldiers, cigarette girls, smugglers, and bullfight spectators of Seville.
🗺️ Character Relationship & Drama Map
Original (FR)
Translation (EN) • English
Explanation • English

Act I — The Habanera ('L'amour est un oiseau rebelle') & The Seguidilla

A public square in Seville (~1820); on the right, the gate of the royal tobacco factory; on the left, a military guardhouse.

Scenes 4 & 10 — The Habanera ('L'amour est un oiseau rebelle') & The Seguidilla ('Près des remparts de Séville')

Carmen
L'amour est un oiseau rebelle que nul ne peut apprivoiser,
1
et c'est bien en vain qu'on l'appelle, s'il lui convient de refuser.
2
L'amour est enfant de Bohême, il n'a jamais, jamais connu de loi;
3
si tu ne m'aimes pas, je t'aime; si je t'aime, prends garde à toi!
4
L'oiseau que tu croyais surprendre battit de l'aile et s'envola...
5
L'amour est loin, tu peux l'attendre; tu ne l'attends plus, il est là! [Elle jette une fleur de cassie à Don José]
6
Carmen
Love is a rebellious bird that no one can tame,
1
and it is quite in vain that you call it, if it chooses to refuse.
2
Love is a Gypsy's child, it has never, never known any law;
3
if you do not love me, I love you; if I love you, watch out for yourself!
4
The bird you thought to catch beat its wings and flew away...
5
Love is far off, you can wait for it; you wait for it no longer, and there it is! [She throws a cassia flower at Don José]
6
Carmen
Près des remparts de Séville, chez mon ami Lillas Pastia, j'irai danser la séguedille et boire du Manzanilla!
7
Oui, mais toute seule on s'ennuie, et les vrais plaisirs sont à deux...
8
Mon amoureux... il est au diable, je l'ai mis à la porte hier! Mon pauvre cœur très consolable, mon cœur est libre comme l'air!
9
Qui veut m'aimer? Je l'aimerai! Qui veut mon âme? Elle est à prendre! Vous arrivez au bon moment!
10
Don José
Ta promesse, tu la tiendras... si je te délivre, tu m'aimeras?
11
Carmen
Oui! ... Près des remparts de Séville, chez mon ami Lillas Pastia!
12
Carmen
Near the ramparts of Seville, at my friend Lillas Pastia's tavern, I'll go dance the seguidilla and drink Manzanilla wine!
7
Yes, but all alone one gets bored, and true pleasures are for two...
8
My lover... he has gone to the devil, I threw him out yesterday! My poor heart is very easily consoled; my heart is free as the air!
9
Who wants to love me? I will love him! Who wants my soul? It is there for the taking! You arrive at just the right moment!
10
Don José
Your promise, you will keep it... if I set you free, will you love me?
11
Carmen
Yes! [He unties her hands] ... Near the ramparts of Seville, at my friend Lillas Pastia's!
12

Act II — The Toreador Song ('Votre toast') & The Flower Song

Lillas Pastia's tavern on the outskirts of Seville at night.

Scenes 2 & 5 — The Toreador Song ('Votre toast') & The Flower Song ('La fleur que tu m'avais jetée')

Escamillo
Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre, señors, señors, car avec les soldats
13
oui, les toréros peuvent s'entendre; pour plaisirs, pour plaisirs, ils ont les combats!
14
Le cirque est plein, c'est jour de fête! Le cirque est plein du haut en bas...
15
Toréador, en garde! Toréador! Toréador!
16
Et songe bien, oui, songe en combattant qu'un œil noir te regarde,
17
Escamillo • Chœur
et que l'amour t'attend, Toréador, l'amour, l'amour t'attend!
18
Escamillo
Your toast, I can return it to you, señors, señors, for with soldiers
13
yes, bullfighters can understand one another; for their pleasure they have combat!
14
The arena is full, it is a festival day! The arena is packed from top to bottom...
15
Toreador, on your guard! Toreador! Toreador!
16
And remember well, yes, remember as you fight that a dark eye is watching you,
17
Escamillo • Chorus
and that love awaits you, Toreador, love, love awaits you!
18
Don José
La fleur que tu m'avais jetée, dans ma prison m'était restée.
19
Flétrie et sèche, cette fleur gardait toujours sa douce odeur;
20
et pendant des heures entières, sur mes yeux, fermant mes paupières, de cette odeur je m'enivrais...
21
Je me prenais à te maudire, à te détester, à me dire: Pourquoi faut-il que le destin l'ait mise là sur mon chemin?
22
Puis je m'accusais de blasphème, et je ne sentais en moi-même qu'un seul désir, un seul espoir: te revoir, ô Carmen, oui, te revoir!
23
Car tu n'avais eu qu'à paraître... Carmen, je t'aime!
24
Don José
The flower that you threw to me remained with me inside my prison.
19
Withered and dry, that flower always kept its sweet scent;
20
and for whole hours on end, closing my eyelids over my eyes, I grew drunk on that fragrance...
21
I caught myself cursing you, hating you, asking myself: Why did fate have to place her across my path?
22
Then I accused myself of blasphemy, and felt within myself only one desire, one hope: to see you again, O Carmen, yes, to see you again!
23
For you had only to appear... Carmen, I love you!
24

Acts III & IV — The Card Aria ('En vain pour éviter') & Final Duet ('C'est toi! — C'est moi!')

Act III: A wild rocky pass in the mountains of Andalusia. — Act IV: The square in front of the bullring in Seville on a brilliant festival day.

Act III Scene 3 & Act IV Scene 2 — The Card Aria ('Carreau! Pique!... La mort!') & Final Confrontation

Carmen
Voyons, que j'essaie à mon tour. Carreau! Pique!... La mort! J'ai bien lu... moi d'abord, ensuite lui... pour tous les deux la mort!
25
En vain pour éviter les réponses amères, en vain tu mêleras;
26
cela ne sert à rien, les cartes sont sincères et ne mentiront pas!
27
Dans le livre d'en haut si ta page est heureuse, mêle et coupe sans peur...
28
Mais si tu dois mourir, si le mot redoutable est écrit par le sort, recommence vingt fois... la carte impitoyable répétera: la mort! Encore! Toujours la mort!
29
Carmen
Let's see, let me try in my turn. Diamonds! Spades!... Death! I have read it right... first me, then him... for both of us, death!
25
In vain, to avoid the bitter answers, in vain will you shuffle the deck;
26
it is of no use—the cards are sincere and they will not lie!
27
In the book on high, if your page is fortunate, shuffle and cut without fear...
28
But if you must die, if the dread word is written by fate, begin again twenty times... the pitiless card will repeat: Death! Again! Always death!
29
Don José • Carmen
C'est toi! — C'est moi! L'on m'avait avertie que tu n'étais pas loin, que tu devais venir; l'on m'avait même dit de craindre pour ma vie, mais je suis brave et n'ai pas voulu fuir!
30
Don José
Ainsi, le salut de mon âme, je l'aurai perdu pour que toi, tu t'en ailles, infâme, entre ses bras, rire de moi!
31
Carmen
Non, je ne t'aime plus! ... Jamais Carmen ne cédera! Libre elle est née et libre elle mourra!
32
Don José
Pour la dernière fois, démon, veux-tu me suivre?
33
Carmen
Non! non! Cette bague autrefois tu me l'avais donnée... tiens! [Elle la jette à la volée]
34
Don José
Eh bien, damnée! [Il la frappe; le chœur chante dans le cirque: «Toréador, en garde!»] Vous pouvez m'arrêter... c'est moi qui l'ai tuée! Ah! Carmen! ma Carmen adorée!
35
Don José • Carmen
It is you! — It is I! I was warned that you were not far off, that you would come; they even told me to fear for my life, but I am brave and refused to flee!
30
Don José
So then, the salvation of my soul I shall have lost only so that you, wretch, may go into his arms and laugh at me!
31
Carmen
No, I love you no longer! ... Never will Carmen yield! Free she was born, and free she will die!
32
Don José
For the last time, demon, will you follow me?
33
Carmen
No! No! This ring that once you gave me... take it! [She tears it from her finger and hurls it at him]
34
Don José
Well then, be damned! [He stabs her as the chorus inside sings 'Toreador, on your guard!'] You may arrest me... it is I who killed her! Ah! Carmen! my adored Carmen!
35
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