La Traviata (The Fallen Woman)

Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901) (1853) • Teatro La Fenice, Venice (6 March 1853)

At a glittering midnight supper in her Paris salon, courtesan Violetta Valéry welcomes young Alfredo Germont, who proposes a toast to love and wine ('Libiamo ne' lieti calici'). When a sudden coughing fit leaves Violetta faint, Alfredo confesses he has loved her from afar for a year; she gives him a camellia flower, telling him to bring it back when it has faded—tomorrow. Left alone after the guests depart, Violetta is torn between the unfamiliar dream of true love ('Ah, fors'è lui') and her determination to live purely for pleasure ('Sempre libera'). Three months later, Violetta and Alfredo are living idyllically in the countryside outside Paris, with Violetta secretly selling off her jewels and carriages to pay their bills. While Alfredo is away in Paris, his father Giorgio Germont arrives: he tells Violetta that Alfredo's scandalous liaison with a former courtesan is ruining the engagement of Alfredo's pure young sister ('Pura siccome un angelo'). Heartbroken and knowing her tuberculosis will soon kill her anyway, Violetta agrees to make Alfredo believe she no longer loves him ('Dite alla giovine'), erupting in one final cry of love ('Amami, Alfredo!') before disappearing. Months later during the Paris Carnival, Violetta lies dying of tuberculosis in poverty, abandoned by her fair-weather salon friends. She re-reads a letter from Giorgio Germont telling her that he has finally revealed her selfless sacrifice to Alfredo, who is rushing back to beg her forgiveness ('Teneste la promessa...'). Looking in the mirror at her wasted face, she sighs 'It is too late!' and bids farewell to her past dreams ('Addio, del passato'). Moments later Alfredo bursts in; they dream of leaving Paris together ('Parigi, o cara'), until Violetta experiences a sudden, illusory surge of strength ('È strano! Cessarono gli spasimi...') and collapses dead in Alfredo's arms.

📜 Libretto-Ausgabe, Quellenlinks & Andere Fassungen
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1853 Venice Teatro La Fenice / Ricordi Canonical Edition (Francesco Maria Piave)
Primärquellen & Archive
Hinweis zu anderen Fassungen dieser Oper

Historical Note: The title 'La Traviata' literally means 'The Woman Who Strayed' (or 'The Fallen Woman'). Verdi wanted the opera set in contemporary 1850s Paris, but Venetian censors at La Fenice forced the 1853 premiere into ~1700 Louis XIV costumes because showing modern bourgeois hypocrisy and a courtesan dying of tuberculosis in contemporary dress was considered too scandalous!

🎭 Personen der Handlung
Violetta Valéry
A celebrated Parisian courtesan suffering from tuberculosis (modeled on real-life courtesan Marie Duplessis); she abandons her gilded life for true love with Alfredo.
Alfredo Germont
A young provincial gentleman from Provence who has adored Violetta from afar for a full year.
Giorgio Germont
Alfredo's father; a strict defender of bourgeois family respectability who pressures Violetta into leaving his son, only to realize too late the nobility of her soul.
Chorus of Guests
Violetta's Parisian salon friends, aristocrats, and revelers.
🗺️ Character Relationship & Drama Map
Original (IT)
Übersetzung (DE) • Deutsch
Erklärung • Deutsch

Act I — The Drinking Song ('Libiamo ne' lieti calici') & 'Sempre libera'

A lavish salon in Violetta's Paris townhouse; doors at the back open onto another brilliantly lit gallery; in the center, a richly laid banquet table.

Scenes 2 & 5 — The Brindisi ('Libiamo ne' lieti calici') & Violetta's Aria ('Ah, fors'è lui... Sempre libera')

Alfredo Germont
Libiamo, libiamo ne' lieti calici, che la bellezza infiora;
1
e la fuggevol, fuggevol ora s'inebrii a voluttà.
2
Libiam ne' dolci fremiti che suscita l'amore, poiché quell'occhio al core onnipotente va.
3
Violetta Valéry
Tra voi, tra voi saprò dividere il tempo mio giocondo;
4
tutto è follia, follia nel mondo ciò che non è piacer.
5
La vita è nel tripudio... — [Alfredo:] Quando non s'ami ancora. — [Violetta:] Nol dite a chi l'ignora, è il mio destin così.
6
Alfredo Germont
Let us drink, let us drink from the joyful goblets that beauty adorns with flowers;
1
and may the fleeting, fleeting hour intoxicate itself with delight.
2
Let us drink to the sweet tremors that love awakens, since that glance goes all-powerful to the heart.
3
Violetta Valéry
Among you, among you I shall know how to share my carefree time;
4
everything in the world is folly, folly, except what is pleasure.
5
Life lies in revelry... — [Alfredo:] Only when one has not yet loved. — [Violetta:] Do not speak of it to one who does not know it; such is my fate.
6
Violetta Valéry
È strano! è strano! In core scolpiti ho quegli accenti!
7
Ah, fors'è lui che l'anima solinga ne' tumulti godea sovente pingere...
8
A quell'amor ch'è palpito dell'universo intero, misterioso, altero, croce e delizia al cor!
9
Follie! follie! delirio vano è questo! Povera donna, sola, abbandonata in questo popoloso deserto che appellano Parigi...
10
Sempre libera degg'io folleggiar di gioia in gioia, vo' che scorra il viver mio pei sentieri del piacer.
11
Alfredo Germont • Violetta Valéry
[Alfredo sotto il balcone:] Amor è palpito dell'universo... — [Violetta:] Oh amore!... Follie! Gioir! Gioir!
12
Violetta Valéry
It is strange! It is strange! I have those words carved into my heart!
7
Ah, perhaps he is the one whom my soul, lonely amid the tumult, so often delighted in painting...
8
That love which is the heartbeat of the whole universe, mysterious and noble, torment and delight to the heart!
9
Folly! Folly! This is a vain delirium! Poor woman, alone, abandoned in this crowded desert they call Paris...
10
Ever free, I must flutter from joy to joy; I want my life to glide along the paths of pleasure.
11
Alfredo Germont • Violetta Valéry
[Alfredo beneath the balcony:] Love is the heartbeat of the universe... — [Violetta:] Oh love!... Folly! To enjoy! To enjoy!
12

Act II — The Sacrifice ('Dite alla giovine' & 'Amami, Alfredo!')

A country house near Paris; a ground-floor drawing room opening onto a garden.

Scenes 5 & 6 — Grand Duet ('Pura siccome un angelo... Dite alla giovine') & Farewell ('Amami, Alfredo!')

Giorgio Germont
Pura siccome un angelo Iddio mi diè una figlia;
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se Alfredo nega riedere in seno alla famiglia, l'amato e amante giovane cui sposa andar dovea, or si ricusa al vincolo...
14
Violetta Valéry
Dite alla giovine, sì bella e pura, ch'avvi una vittima della sventura,
15
cui resta un unico raggio di bene... che a lei il sacrifica e che morrà!
16
Giorgio Germont
Piangi, piangi, o misera... supremo, il veggo, è il sacrificio ch'ora ti chieggo.
17
Violetta Valéry • Giorgio Germont
Morrò!... la mia memoria non fia ch'ei maledica, se le mie pene orribili vi sia chi almen gli dica.
18
Giorgio Germont
Pure as an angel, God gave me a daughter;
13
if Alfredo refuses to return to the bosom of his family, the beloved young man she was to marry now refuses the bond...
14
Violetta Valéry
Tell that young girl, so lovely and pure, that there is a victim of misfortune,
15
who has only a single ray of happiness left... and who sacrifices it for her and will die!
16
Giorgio Germont
Weep, weep, O poor woman... supreme, I see it, is the sacrifice I now ask of you.
17
Violetta Valéry • Giorgio Germont
I shall die!... Let him not curse my memory, if only someone will tell him then of my terrible suffering.
18
Violetta Valéry
Che fai? — Nulla. — Scrivevi? — Sì... no...
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Dammi forza, o cielo!
20
Ch'io viva sempre a te vicino?... Amami, Alfredo, quant'io t'amo!
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Addio!
22
Violetta Valéry
[Alfredo:] What are you doing? — [Violetta:] Nothing. — You were writing? — Yes... no...
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[Aside] Give me strength, O heaven!
20
Can you doubt that I live always near you?... Love me, Alfredo, love me as much as I love you!
21
Farewell! [She rushes out into the garden]
22

Act III — 'Addio, del passato' & 'Parigi, o cara'

Violetta's bedroom in Paris during Carnival; at the back, a bed with half-drawn curtains; shutters closed against the winter cold.

Scenes 4 & 6 — 'Addio, del passato' & Final Duet ('Parigi, o cara... È strano!')

Violetta Valéry
«Teneste la promessa... la disfida ebbe luogo! il barone fu ferito, però migliora... Alfredo è in stranio suolo; il vostro sacrifizio io stesso gli ho svelato...» — È tardi!
23
Addio, del passato bei sogni ridenti, le rose del volto già sono pallenti;
24
l'amore d'Alfredo perfino mi manca, conforto, sostegno dell'anima stanca...
25
Ah, della traviata sorridi al desio; a lei, deh, perdona; tu accoglila, o Dio!
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Or tutto finì!
27
Violetta Valéry
[Reading the letter:] 'You kept your promise... the duel took place! The Baron was wounded, but is recovering... Alfredo is abroad; I myself have revealed your sacrifice to him...' — It is too late!
23
Farewell, bright lovely dreams of the past; the roses of my cheeks are already pale;
24
even Alfredo's love is missing to comfort and sustain my weary soul...
25
Ah, smile upon the desire of the fallen woman; forgive her, O God, and receive her unto Thee!
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Now all is over!
27
Alfredo Germont • Violetta Valéry
Parigi, o cara, noi lasceremo, la vita uniti trascorreremo:
28
de' corsi affanni compenso avrai, la tua salute rifiorirà.
29
Violetta Valéry
Prendi: quest'è l'immagine de' miei passati giorni; a rammentar ti torni colei che sì t'amò.
30
È strano!... Cessarono gli spasimi del dolore! In meinasce... m'agita insolito vigor!
31
Ah! io ritorno a vivere!... Oh gioia! [Ricade sul canapè e muore]
32
Alfredo Germont • Violetta Valéry
Paris, O dearest, we shall leave behind; united we shall spend our lives:
28
you shall be rewarded for your past sorrows; your health will bloom again.
29
Violetta Valéry
Take this: it is the miniature portrait of my past days; let it remind you of her who loved you so.
30
It is strange!... The spasms of pain have ceased! Within me is reborn... an unwonted strength stirs me!
31
Ah! I am returning to life!... Oh joy! [She falls back onto the couch and dies]
32
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